In the
Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit!
Today we
mark one of the Twelve Great Feasts, the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos.
We are celebrating this feast in the principle temple of our Church: the
Patriarchal Cathedral of the Dormition in the Moscow Kremlin. Along with the
entire Church, we rejoice in an event that has been passed down to us by the
Holy Tradition of the Universal Church: the blessed repose of the Most Holy
Theotokos, her Dormition, which has become a feast day.
If we
transfer our gaze from this event to modern life, we will notice a profound
contradiction between two understandings of death. Blessed repose, dormition,
falling asleep – the word “death” is not used in reference to the Theotokos.
Incidentally, another word used in ecclesiastical parlance is derived from
here: “reposed” – not died or perished, but reposed. We see that there is a
different understanding of death. On the one hand, there is the understanding
connected with the triumph of the Mother of God; on the other, there is our
ordinary understanding of death as a tragic end, as the termination of all
things. One feels animal fear, the fear of death, before this tragic end. How
greatly this fear of death contradicts the basic value judgments of modern
society, a society of consumerism and prosperity! But this very society, imbued
with false values, recognizes the impossibility of joining its ideals – those
of unlimited consumption and pleasure – with the fact of death.
But how
does today’s society, today’s pseudo-culture, reply to this contradiction? It
replies to this challenge of worldviews by, as it were, ignoring death. A
different picture of life is drawn for us through advertisements and the
cultivation of these same false values that turn our gaze away from death. If
we are to speak of burial practices, we can note that in many countries –
especially in prosperous ones – everything is done somehow to mitigate people’s
contact with the dead body. The coffin is not opened during the funeral service
– in fact, it is generally not opened at all – and people always bid farewell
before a closed coffin. More often than not, the coffin is lowered into the
grave when people are already leaving the cemetery. For this reason, it is
covered with flowers or spruce branches in such a way that the very act of
burial goes unseen. The widespread custom of cremation also serves this end:
the coffin goes out, and there is no real contact with the moment of burial.
But there
is yet another way to mitigate this inwardly insurmountable conflict between
society’s false ideals and death: to turn death into a show, into a spectacle.
We see a huge number of deaths every day: on television and in many films,
where death is always present in one way or another. But do we empathize with
this death? Death is just part of the intrigue; more often than not, this death
– even a violent one – is bound up with the victory of the main hero. However,
none of these attempts to remove the question of death from the scope of modern
man’s worldview can ever succeed, because every day, every hour, and every
minute brings each one of us closer to death. The whole point lies in how we
perceive death: as a nonsensical end of life, devoid of any meaning; as a departure
into complete non-existence of everything we possess – mind, emotions, and
will; as an extinction of all life, with all its joys, sorrows, ups and downs,
discoveries, victories, and defeats; or as the final chord, the finale of our
earthly life and the transition into another life…
The
Dormition of the Most Holy Mother of God was a triumph of the Church: the
Apostles gathered together, placed the tomb of the Mother of God in Gethsemane,
and never again found it, because the Mother of God’s body disappeared. A firm
tradition of the Church has passed down to us the tidings that the Mother of
God’s body was caught up into the Heavenly Kingdom. S0me Holy Fathers of both
the Ancient Church and the Russian Church – among whom St. Ignatius
(Brianchaninov) should especially be remembered – compared the mystery of the
Dormition of the Most Holy Mother of God with the Savior’s Resurrection. There
is no death: there is dormition and departure.
Reflecting
on the theme of departure, the Holy Righteous John of Kronstadt says that
departure is just a change of place: a person “departs” and his soul occupies a
place in another world, another age, another time. Did the Mother of God fear
death? No. Did the Holy Apostles fear death in the face of violent, martyric deaths?
No. The Apostle Peter, originally fearing the persecution that broke out under
the Emperor Nero, decided to leave the capital of the Empire at the urging of
the Christian community in Rome. But while leaving Rome, the Risen Lord met him
and asked: “Whither goest thou?” This question alone caused Peter to return to
Rome and joyfully to accept a martyric death. And how many testimonies do we
have in the lives of saints! We see clearly that they did not experience any
fear of death, but prepared themselves for death as for a truly great event in
their lives, by which one passes from an earthly existence to a heavenly one.
So where
does the fear of death come from? Reflecting on this theme, the Holy Righteous
John of Kronstadt rightly states that God did not create death, but that death
came into people’s lives through sin. He goes on to write: “Death shall
frighten us so long as we abide in sin.” This inner connection between the fear
of death and sin is completely obvious. If someone lives according to the law
of the flesh, if he sins and never thinks of God, then when this spiritually
unprepared person – who lives in this world’s vanity and whose life is bound
only by the values of this world – comes face to face with death, there will be
fear and terror. There will be mortal fear, because of the presence of sin. St.
John Chrysostom teaches us how to overcome this fear of death: through
repentance, prayer, victory over the passions, labor, patience, and spiritual
peace – that is, by living according to God’s commandments.
Through
the feast of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos and the experience of the
Church, the truth is revealed to us that the religious way of life, the
Christian way of life, is not only dispensation, blessedness, and happiness in
this earthly life; it is not only the acquisition of authentic goals; but it is
also the overcoming of the fear and apprehension of death with a calm and
peaceful spiritual state, as the natural completion of the earthly portion of
human life. Such a view of life and death has great power for the human person,
before whom there are no barriers and who fears nothing.
It is
upon this attitude towards life and death that true struggle, valor, and the
ability to give one’s life for another are based. Would someone give his life
for another who is bound to this tawdriness, to this modern consumer life, for
which the main value is here and only here? Why would he take the risk? Why
would he give his life for another? Why would he sacrifice what is most precious?
Within the framework of a godless worldview, it is impossible to justify
heroism, struggle, or self-sacrifice. If people who do not consider themselves
religious do undertake such struggles, this does not mean that their
motivations lie in the material plane. This is a manifestation of a latent,
rudimentary religiosity, which becomes part of human life through one’s
upbringing, through the values that are instilled in one. But if we destroy
this rudimentary religiosity, then we will become a completely different
society, a completely different people, incapable of either sacrifice or
struggle. Such a society does not and cannot have a future, because people’s
upbringing in faith is a question of life or death – not only of society, but
even of the human race. This is why the preaching of the great spiritual values
that have been revealed to man through the Divine word is the principle
foundation upon which the future of the human race depends.
Remembering
our Most Holy Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary and her glorious Dormition,
let us always remember that the Dormition, the Mother of God’s death, is a
great feast day of the Church. And in this glorification of the death of the
Most Holy Theotokos lay the great faith of all preceding generations that death
does not mean the end of life. As a great sign of the fact that after death
comes resurrection, the Most Pure Queen of Heaven was caught up into the
heavenly abode of her Son with her soul and body, as a sign of man’s
immortality, as a sign of eternal life, and as a sign of Divine omnipotence.
Amen.
By
Patriarch Kirill of Moscow
Delivered on August 28, 2011
http://www.pravmir.com/two-understandings-of-death-on-the-dormition-of-the-theotokos/
CONVERSATION